home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT1613>
- <link 94TO0217>
- <title>
- Nov. 21, 1994: Cover:Election:Harrying Truman
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 21, 1994 G.O.P. Stampede
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER/THE ELECTION, Page 74
- Harrying Truman
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Is his fall and rise a valid model for Bill Clinton or merely
- a bedtime story for wishful Democrats?
- </p>
- <p>By David Van Biema--Reported by Ratu Kamlani/New York
- </p>
- <p> America was not buying the President's health-insurance plan,
- the one that guaranteed every citizen "ready access to all necessary
- medical, hospital and related services." The populace held him
- partly responsible for the economy, which looked good on paper
- but not at the grocery store. But mostly, it appeared, his fellow
- citizens simply disdained him. So much that the 87% approval
- rating he enjoyed after taking over was down to 32%. So much
- that when the midterm election approached, his party leaders
- implored him not to campaign. So much that his party got trounced
- anyway, reversing its long-standing majorities in both houses
- of Congress. Crowed one Senator who suddenly found himself in
- the majority: "The United States is now a Republican country."
- The year was 1946. The President was Harry S Truman.
- </p>
- <p> Arthur Schlesinger Jr., adviser and historian of Presidents,
- notes dryly, "I'm sure everyone in the White House is studying
- the Truman experience." A few months ago, in fact, it seemed
- that the entire Administration was reading David McCullough's
- Pulitzer-winning biography Truman. They are no doubt reviewing
- pages 525 through 719, which offer the cautionary tale of the
- last Democratic President to scare away so many midterm voters
- that he ended up facing a hostile Congress followed by a fairy-tale
- sequel for the Democrats: the same President riding that very
- Congress, which he called "the do-nothing" 80th, to his epic
- come-from-behind victory in 1948.
- </p>
- <p> It was an ebullient age of bebop and charades and Sea Breezes
- and the new cellophane-wrapped cigarette packages; of returning
- soldiers and their wives conceiving the first baby boomers;
- of the goods and services that grew up around those families,
- from Levittown to Dr. Spock's baby book to frozen orange juice.
- But 1946 was a troubled time for Truman. His failed health plan
- was just a small part of an ambitious attempt to continue Franklin
- D. Roosevelt's activist domestic agenda. Truman found himself
- blocked by Roosevelt's nemesis: a coalition of Republicans and
- conservative Democrats. The economy, although sound, was plagued
- by a black market and strikes. A meat shortage was so bad that
- House Speaker Sam Rayburn dubbed the 1946 debacle "a damned
- `beefsteak election!'" But '46 was also, says Columbia University
- history professor Alan Brinkley, "a referendum on Truman," whom
- contemporaries regarded as too small-town, too intellectually
- limited and too amiable to command "the fearsome respect" that
- should attend his office. They couldn't vote him out, so they
- voted the 80th Congress in.
- </p>
- <p> Like the Republicans this week, the 80th entered barking furiously:
- a conference of leaders promised to slash $10 billion from the
- budget, lower taxes and repeal all social and welfare legislation
- passed since 1932. The freshmen that year included a crowd of
- eager red baiters, including Richard Nixon and Joseph McCarthy.
- But the 80th's bite was surprisingly mild. The aid of Senate
- Foreign Relations Committee chairman Arthur Vandenberg, a Republican,
- assured passage of Truman foreign policy initiatives from the
- Marshall Plan to containment of the Soviets to the recognition
- of Israel. Domestically, Truman suffered some stinging rebukes,
- most famously the override of his veto of the antilabor Taft-Hartley
- Act. Yet the 80th passed his consolidation of the military services
- and some other major bills, and the threatened welfare "repeal"
- never materialized. The 80th was contentious but not remarkable.
- </p>
- <p> It took Truman to immortalize it with his "give 'em hell" strategy.
- William Manchester, in his book The Glory and the Dream, records
- that "the first tactic was to hit the Hill every Monday with
- a popular proposal ((the Republicans)) were sure to table."
- Armed with that record, the no longer amiable Truman initiated
- the famous railroad tour that was named when Senator Robert
- Taft complained that the President was "blackguarding Congress
- at whistle-stops all over the country." The master stroke followed:
- when the Republicans put out an ambitious party platform in
- June, Truman immediately convened a special session of Congress
- and challenged them to pass their own plan. They refused; and
- he "do-nothinged" them all the way to his famous photograph,
- holding up the Chicago Daily Tribune's incorrect front page.
- </p>
- <p> If you're a Clintonite, the parallels are tempting. For red
- baiters, read religious right. For the Republicans' ill-fated
- platform, read Newt Gingrich's brash "Contract with America."
- For the amiable, unrespected Missourian, read an affable Arkansan.
- But scholars counsel caution. The economy had ironed itself
- out by '48, notes Columbia's Brinkley, whereas today the public
- is experiencing "the kind of frustrations that are not likely
- to be alleviated very easily."
- </p>
- <p> More important, says historian Michael Beschloss, "in 1946 the
- majority of Americans were Democrats. There was mass national
- support for the New Deal program. So the election of '46 turned
- out to be more of a deviating election." Bu he continues, "We
- are in a very conservative period now. If the Republicans pass
- their program and their program works, it could confirm them
- as the definite majority party in this country for the next
- generation." That would leave Clinton's 1992 election as the
- deviation--and history refusing to repeat itself.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-